Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorella vulgaris Against MDR Bacteria Isolated from Diabetic Wound Pus Samples: Chlorella vulgaris Against MDR Bacteria

Ahmad Naeem Sajed; Mohsin Gulzar Barq; Muhammad Waseem; Muhammad Ahsan Murtaza; Muhammad Tayyab; Abdul Nafeh

Authors

Ahmad Naeem Sajed Universty of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Mohsin Gulzar Barq University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Waseem Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Ahsan Murtaza The Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Tayyab Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
Abdul Nafeh Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan

Keywords:

Antimicrobial, Chlorella vulgaris extract, Diabetes, Microalgae, Pyogenic infections, Topical antimicrobial

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize pathogenic microbes from the pus of diabetic patients and to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates along with their resistance patterns against the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE).

Methods: This hospital-based biphasic research study (cross-sectional and experimental) included 100 pus samples from diabetic patients. Out of these, 10 isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and were subsequently subjected to further characterization. Two methods were employed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Since the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method did not provide sufficient results, a turbidity assay was performed in an ELISA 96-well microtiter plate to evaluate the inhibitory effect of microalgae CVE on bacterial growth. To assess the biofilm-forming ability of pus isolates and to evaluate the inhibitory potential of CVE against their biofilms standard microtiter plate assays were performed.

Results: The CVE exhibited species-dependent antibiofilm activity against pus isolates from diabetic patients. The strongest % inhibition at MIC with algal extract was observed in Acinetobacter species (48.28%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (42.12%), while the weakest response was noted in Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.48%). Overall CVE demonstrated significant inhibitory potential (p < 0.05) with comparatively stronger effects against certain Gram-negative and selected Gram-positive bacteria.

Conclusion: Microalgae CVE exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against MDR isolates from diabetic patients with the strongest effects on Acinetobacter species and Streptococcus pyogenes indicating its potential as a natural therapeutic requiring further mechanistic and in vivo validation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59564/amrj/03.04/003

Author Biographies

Ahmad Naeem Sajed, Universty of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

PhD Scholar, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology

Mohsin Gulzar Barq, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology

Muhammad Waseem, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan

MPhil Scholar, Department of Microbiology

Muhammad Ahsan Murtaza, The Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan

MPhil Scholar, Department of Microbiology

Muhammad Tayyab, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan

MPhil Scholar, Department of Biology

Abdul Nafeh, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan

MPhil Scholar, Department of Pathology

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