Ethical Guidelines for Animal Research

AMRJ accepts animal studies only if ethical approval has been obtained from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Authors must provide documented proof of approval upon submission.

All animal research must adhere to international ethical standards, including the 3Rs principle:

• Replacement: Use alternatives to animal testing whenever possible.

• Reduction: Minimize the number of animals used while ensuring statistical validity.

• Refinement: Optimize procedures to reduce pain, distress, and suffering.

Failure to provide ethical approval or comply with the 3Rs principle will result in manuscript rejection. AMRJ reserves the right to verify approvals and ensure adherence to ethical guidelines.